Tlhahlobo le Ntlafatso ea Sebopeho se Sireletsang Mollo bakeng sa Liaparo tsa PVC
Moreki o etsa litente tsa PVC mme o hloka ho sebelisa seaparo se thibelang malakabe. Foromo ea hona joale e na le likarolo tse 60 tsa resin ea PVC, likarolo tse 40 tsa TOTM, likarolo tse 30 tsa aluminium hypophosphite (e nang le 40% ea phosphorus), likarolo tse 10 tsa MCA, likarolo tse 8 tsa zinc borate, hammoho le li-dispersant. Leha ho le joalo, ts'ebetso ea li-dispersant e mpe, 'me ho hasana ha li-dispersant tsa malakabe le hona ha hoa lekana. Ka tlase ke tlhahlobo ea mabaka le phetoho e sisintsoeng ho foromo.
I. Mabaka a Bohlokoa a ho Sitisoa ke Mollo o Fosahetseng
1. Sistimi e sa Lekaneng ea ho Thibela Mollo e nang le Litlamorao tse Fokolang tsa ho Kopana
- Hypophosphite e feteletseng ea aluminium (likarolo tse 30):
Leha aluminium hypophosphite e le sesebelisoa se sebetsang hantle sa ho thibela malakabe se thehiloeng ho phosphorus (40% ea phosphorus), ho eketsa ho feteletseng (likarolo tse fetang 25) ho ka lebisa ho: - Keketseho e matla ea viscosity ea sistimi, e leng se etsang hore ho hasana ho be thata le ho etsa libaka tse hotetsang tse kopaneng tse potlakisang ho chesa ("phello ea wick").
- Ho fokotseha ha matla a thepa le ho senyeha ha thepa ea ho etsa filimi ka lebaka la ho tlatsa ho feteletseng ha lintho tse sa pheleng.
- Dikahare tse phahameng tsa MCA (dikarolo tse 10):
MCA (e thehiloeng ho naetrojene) hangata e sebelisoa e le motsoako o kopanyang. Ha tekanyo e feta likarolo tse 5, e atisa ho fallela holimo, e tlatselletsang katleho ea ho thibela malakabe 'me e ka sitisa lintho tse ling tse thibelang malakabe. - Ho hloka thuso ea bohlokoa:
Leha borate ea zinki e na le litlamorao tse thibelang mosi, ho ba sieo ha metsoako e thehiloeng ho antimony (mohlala, antimony trioxide) kapa metal oxide (mohlala, aluminium hydroxide) ho thibela ho thehoa ha sistimi ea "phosphorus-nitrogen-antimony", e leng se fellang ka ho se sebetse hantle ha malakabe a khase.
2. Ho se tshwane pakeng tsa Kgetho ya Plasticizer le Dipakane tsa ho Sireletsa Mollo
- TOTM (trioctyl trimellitate) e na le ho lieha ho itseng ha lelakabe:
TOTM e ipabola ho haneleng mocheso empa ha e sebetse hantle haholo ho tieho ea mollo ha e bapisoa le li-ester tsa phosphate (mohlala, TOTP). Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse thibelang mollo haholo joalo ka lipeipi tsa tente, TOTM e ke ke ea fana ka bokhoni bo lekaneng ba ho chesa le ho thibela oksijene. - Ha e lekane ho kenya polasetiki kaofela (likarolo tse 40 feela):
Hangata resine ea PVC e hloka likarolo tse 60-75 tsa plasticizer bakeng sa ho kenngoa ka botlalo ka polasetiki. Boteng bo tlase ba plasticizer bo lebisa ho qhibiliheng ho hoholo, e leng se eketsang mathata a ho hasana ho thibelang malakabe.
3. Sistimi e sa Sebetseng ea ho Hasana e Lebisang Kabong e sa Lekaneng ea ho Sireletsa Malakabe
- Sehatsetsi sa hona joale e ka ba mofuta oa morero o akaretsang (mohlala, stearic acid kapa boka ba PE), e sa sebetseng bakeng sa li-inorganic flame retardants tse nang le mojaro o moholo (aluminium hypophosphite + zinc borate e nang le likarolo tse 48 ka kakaretso), e bakang:
- Ho kopana ha dikarolwana tse thibelang malakabe, ho baka matheba a fokolang a sebakeng seo ka hara lesela.
- Phallo e fokolang ea ho qhibiliha ha ho ntse ho sebetsoa, e leng se hlahisang mocheso o fokolang o bakang ho bola pele ho nako.
4. Ho se lumellane hantle pakeng tsa lintho tse thibelang malakabe le PVC
- Lisebelisoa tse sa pheleng tse kang aluminium hypophosphite le zinc borate li na le liphapang tse kholo tsa polarity le PVC. Ntle le phetoho ea bokaholimo (mohlala, li-sylane coupling agents), karohano ea mekhahlelo ea etsahala, e fokotsang bokhoni ba ho thibela malakabe.
II. Mokhoa oa Moralo oa Motheo
1. Nka sebaka sa Plasticizer ea mantlha ka TOTP
- Sebelisa matla a eona a ho thibela malakabe a tlhaho hantle (kahare ho phosphorus ≈9%) le phello ea ho etsa polasetiki.
2. Ntlafatsa Likarolelano tse Sireletsang Mollo le Tšebelisano-'moho
- Boloka aluminium hypophosphite e le mohloli oa mantlha oa phosphorus empa u fokotse tekanyo ea eona haholo ho ntlafatsa ho hasana le ho fokotsa "phello ea wick".
- Boloka zinc borate e le sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa sa ho kopanya lintho (ho khothalletsa ho chesa le ho thibela mosi).
- Boloka MCA e le sesebelisoa sa naetrojene empa fokotsa tekanyo ea eona ho thibela ho falla.
- Hlahisaaluminium hydroxide e ntle haholo (ATH)e le karolo e sebetsang ka mesebetsi e mengata:
- Ho lieha ha lelakabe:Ho bola ha endothermic (ho felloa ke metsi 'meleng), ho pholisa, le ho hlapolla likhase tse tukang.
- Ho thibela mosi:Ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea mosi haholo.
- Setlatsi:E fokotsa litšenyehelo (ha e bapisoa le lintho tse ling tse thibelang malakabe).
- Ho hasana le phallo e ntlafetseng (sehlopha sa ultrafine):Ho bonolo ho hasana ho feta ATH e tloaelehileng, e fokotsa keketseho ea viscosity.
3. Litharollo tse Matla bakeng sa Mathata a ho Hasana
- Eketsa haholo tekanyo ea plasticizer:Netefatsa hore PVC e entsoe ka polasetiki ka botlalo 'me u fokotse ho teteana ha sistimi.
- Sebelisa li-super-dispersants tse sebetsang hantle haholo:E etselitsoe ka ho khetheha bakeng sa phofo e sa pheleng e boima haholo, e kopantsoeng habonolo (aluminium hypophosphite, ATH).
- Ntlafatsa ts'ebetso (pele ho kopanya ho bohlokoa):Netefatsa hore lintho tse thibelang malakabe li kolobisoa ka botlalo le hore li hasane.
4. Netefatsa Botsitso ba Ts'ebetso ea Motheo
- Kenya lintho tse lekaneng tse tiisang mocheso le mafura a loketseng.
III. Foromo ea PVC e Nchafalitsoeng e Sireletsang Mollo
| Karolo | Mofuta/Mosebetsi | Likarolo tse Khothaletsoang | Lintlha/Lintlha tsa Ntlafatso |
| Resin ea PVC | Resin ea motheo | 100 | - |
| TOTP | Setlolo sa polasetiki se thibelang malakabe sa mantlha (mohloli oa P) | 65–75 | Phetoho ea mantlha!E fana ka ho thibela malakabe ka tsela e ntle haholo le ho etsa hore a be polasetiki haholo. Tekanyo e phahameng e netefatsa phokotso ya viscosity. |
| Hypophosphate ea aluminium | Phosphorus e thibelang malakabe a mantlha (mohloli oa asiti) | 15–20 | Tekanyo e fokotsehile haholo!E boloka karolo ea bohlokoa ea phosphorus ha e ntse e nolofatsa bothata ba ho teteana le ho hasana. |
| ATH e ntle ka ho fetisisa | Setlatsetsi se thibelang malakabe/se thibelang mosi/sehlahisoa sa endothermic | 25–35 | Keketso ea senotlolo!Kgetha ultrafine (D50=1–2µm), e phekotsweng hodima metsi (mohlala, silane). E fana ka phodiso, ho thibela mosi le ho tlatsa. E hloka ho hasana ho matla. |
| Borate ea zinki | Motsoako oa ho kopanya lintho/mosi o thibelang mosi/motlatsi oa char | 8–12 | E bolokiloe. E sebetsa le P le Al ho ntlafatsa ho cha le ho thibela mosi. |
| MCA | Motsoako oa naetrojene (mohloli oa khase) | 4–6 | Tekanyo e fokotsehile haholo!E sebelisoa feela e le mohloli o thusang oa naetrojene ho qoba ho falla. |
| Sesebelisoa se phahameng sa ho qhalakanya se sebetsang hantle haholo | Tlatsetso ea bohlokoa | 3.0–4.0 | E kgothalletswa: mefuta ya polyester, polyurethane, kapa polyacrylate e fetotsweng (mohlala, BYK-163, TEGO Dispers 655, Efka 4010, kapa SP-1082 ya lapeng). Tekanyo e lokela ho lekana! |
| Sehatsetsi sa mocheso | E thibela ho senyeha ha ts'ebetso | 3.0–5.0 | Khothaletsa li-stabilizer tsa Ca/Zn tse sebetsang hantle haholo (tse sireletsang tikoloho). Fetola tekanyo ho latela mosebetsi le mocheso oa ts'ebetso. |
| Setlolo (sa kahare/kantle) | E ntlafatsa phallo ea ts'ebetso, e thibela ho khomarela | 1.0–2.0 | Motsoako o sisintsweng: |
| Lisebelisoa tse ling (mohlala, li-antioxidants, li-UV stabilizers) | Jwalo ka ha ho hlokahala | - | Bakeng sa tšebeliso ea tente ea kantle, khothaletsa ka matla li-UV stabilizers (mohlala, benzotriazole, likarolo tse 1-2) le li-antioxidants (mohlala, likarolo tse 1010, likarolo tse 0.3-0.5). |
IV. Lintlha tsa Foromo le Lintlha tsa Bohlokoa
1. TOTP ke Motheo oa Motheo
- Likarolo tse 65–75e netefatsa:
- Ho etsa polasetiki ka botlalo: PVC e hloka polasetiki e lekaneng bakeng sa ho bopa filimi e bonolo, e tswelang pele.
- Phokotso ea ho teteana: Bohlokoa bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa ho hasana ha lintho tse thibelang malakabe tse nang le mojaro o mongata.
- Ho thibela malakabe ka hare: TOTP ka boeona ke plasticizer e sebetsang hantle haholo e thibelang malakabe.
2. Tšebelisano-'moho e Sireletsang Mollo
- Tšebelisano-'moho ea PNB-Al:Aluminium hypophosphite (P) + MCA (N) e fana ka tšebelisano-'moho ea motheo ea PN. Zinc borate (B, Zn) e ntlafatsa ho chesa le ho thibela mosi. Ultrafine ATH (Al) e fana ka pholiso e kholo ea endothermic le ho thibela mosi. TOTP e boetse e thusa ka phosphorus. Sena se hlahisa sistimi ea tšebelisano-'moho ea likarolo tse ngata.
- Karolo ea ATH:Likarolo tse 25–35 tsa ATH e ntle haholo e tlatsetsa haholo ho tieheng ha malakabe le ho thibeloeng ha mosi. Ho bola ha eona ka hare ho thermother ho monya mocheso, ha mouoane oa metsi o lokolloang o fokotsa oksijene le likhase tse tukang.ATH e entsoeng ka ultrafine le e phekotsoeng holim'a metsi e bohlokoa haholoho fokotsa tšusumetso ea viscosity le ho ntlafatsa ho lumellana ha PVC.
- Hypophosphite ea aluminium e fokotsehileng:Ho theoleloa likarolo tse 30 ho isa ho tse 15-20 ho fokotsa moroalo oa tsamaiso ha ho ntse ho bolokoa phosphorus.
- MCA e fokotsehileng:Ho theoleloa likarolo tse 10 ho isa ho tse 4-6 ho thibela ho falla.
3. Tharollo ea ho Hasana - Bohlokoa Bakeng sa Katleho
- Sesebelisoa se hasanyang haholo (likarolo tse 3–4):E bohlokwa bakeng sa ho sebetsana le mojaro o moholo (dikarolo tse 50-70 kaofela di-inorganic fillers!), sistimi e thata ho e qhalanya (aluminium hypophosphite + ultrafine ATH + zinc borate).Dispersants tse tloaelehileng (mohlala, calcium stearate, boka ba PE) ha lia lekana!Tsetela ho di-super-dispersants tse sebetsang hantle haholo mme o sebedise tjhelete e lekaneng.
- Dikahare tsa polasetiki (dikarolo tse 65–75):Jwalo ka ha ho boletswe ka hodimo, e fokotsa ho teteana ha dintho ka kakaretso, e leng se etsang hore ho be le tikoloho e betere bakeng sa ho hasana ha tsona.
- Litlolo (likarolo tse 1-2):Motsoako oa litlolo tse tlotsang tsa ka hare/kantle li netefatsa phallo e ntle nakong ea ho kopanya le ho roala, e leng se thibelang ho khomarela.
4. Ts'ebetso - Protocol e Tiileng ea Pele ho Kopanngoa
- Mohato oa 1 (Phofo e sa tsoakoang e kopantsoeng le e omileng):
- Kenya aluminium hypophosphite, ultrafine ATH, zinc borate, MCA, le tsohle tse hasanyang haholo mochineng o kopanyang ka lebelo le phahameng.
- Kopanya ho 80–90°C metsotso e 8–10. Sepheo: Netefatsa hore sesebelisoa se hasanyang haholo se koahela karoloana ka 'ngoe ka botlalo, se roba li-agglomerate.Nako le mocheso li bohlokoa haholo!
- Mohato oa 2 (Ho thehoa ha lerōle):
- Kenya boholo ba TOTP (mohlala, 70–80%), li-heat stabilizer tsohle, le li-lubricant tsa ka hare ho motsoako ho tloha Mohatong oa 1.
- Kopanya ho 90–100°C metsotso e 5-7 ho etsa seretse se tšoanang, se thibelang malakabe. Netefatsa hore phofo e kolobisitsoe ka botlalo ke li-plasticizer.
- Mohato oa 3 (Kenya PVC le likarolo tse setseng):
- Kenya resin ea PVC, TOTP e setseng, litlolo tsa kantle (le li-antioxidants/li-UV stabilizers, haeba li eketsoa mohatong ona).
- Kopanya ho 100–110°C metsotso e 7-10 ho fihlela e fihla "ntlheng e omileng" (e phallang ka bolokolohi, ha ho na maqhutsu).Qoba ho kopanya ho feta tekano ho thibela ho senyeha ha PVC.
- Ho pholisa:Lahla motsoako 'me u o pholise ho fihlela ho <50°C ho thibela ho kopana.
5. Ts'ebetso e Latelang
- Sebelisa motsoako o omileng o pholileng bakeng sa ho etsa calender kapa ho penta.
- Laola mocheso oa ts'ebetso ka tieo (mocheso o khothaletsoang oa ho qhibiliha ≤170–175°C) ho qoba ho hloleha ha stabilizer kapa ho bola pele ho nako ha lintho tse thibelang mollo (mohlala, ATH).
V. Liphetho tse Lebeletsoeng le Litlhokomelo
- Ho lieha ha lelakabe:Ha ho bapisoa le foromo ea pele (TOTM + hypophosphite/MCA e nang le aluminium e ngata), foromo ena e ntlafalitsoeng (TOTP + litekanyo tsa P/N/B/Al tse ntlafalitsoeng) e lokela ho ntlafatsa haholo ho lieha ha lelakabe, haholo-holo ts'ebetsong ea ho chesa ka ho otloloha le ho thibela mosi. Litekanyetso tse shebaneng le CPAI-84 bakeng sa litente. Liteko tsa bohlokoa: ASTM D6413 (ho chesa ka ho otloloha).
- Ho hasana:Sehatsetsi se hasanyang haholo + se nang le polasetiki e ngata + se ntlafalitsoeng pele ho kopanngoa se lokela ho ntlafatsa haholo ho hasana, ho fokotsa ho kopana le ho ntlafatsa ho tšoana ha ho roala.
- Ho sebetsa hantle:TOTP e lekaneng le mafura a lokela ho netefatsa hore a sebetsoa hantle, empa a shebe ho teteana le ho khomarela nakong ea tlhahiso ea 'nete.
- Litšenyehelo:TOTP le li-super-dispersants li theko e boima, empa hypophosphite ea aluminium e fokotsehileng le MCA li fokotsa litšenyehelo tse ling. ATH e theko e tlase haholo.
Likhopotso tsa Bohlokoa:
- Liteko tse nyane pele!Leka ka laboratoring 'me u lokise ho latela thepa ea sebele (haholo-holo ATH le ts'ebetso ea super-dispersant) le lisebelisoa.
- Khetho ea thepa:
- ATH:O tlameha ho sebelisa ultrafine (D50 ≤2µm), e hloekisitsoeng holim'a metsi (mohlala, silane). Buisana le bafepedi bakeng sa likhothaletso tse lumellanang le PVC.
- Li-super-dispersants:O tlameha ho sebelisa mefuta e sebetsang hantle haholo. Tsebisa bafepedi ka ts'ebeliso (PVC, li-inorganic fillers tse nang le mojaro o moholo, ho lieha ha malakabe ho se nang halogen).
- TOTP:Netefatsa boleng bo holimo.
- Teko:Etsa liteko tse matla tsa ho thibela malakabe ho latela maemo a reriloeng. Hape hlahloba ho hanyetsa botsofali/metsi (ho bohlokoa bakeng sa litente tsa kantle!). Li-UV stabilizers le li-antioxidants lia hlokahala.
More info., pls contact lucy@taifeng-fr.com
Nako ea poso: Phupu-25-2025
