Phetoho ea Sebopeho bakeng sa Letlalo la PVC le se nang Mollo oa Halogen
Selelekela
Moreki o hlahisa letlalo la PVC le thibelang malakabe le antimony trioxide (Sb₂O₃) e neng e sebelisitsoe pele. Hona joale ba ikemiselitse ho felisa Sb₂O₃ le ho fetohela ho li-halogen-flame retardants. Sebopeho sa hona joale se kenyelletsa PVC, DOP, EPOXY, BZ-500, ST, HICOAT-410, le antimony. Ho fetoha ho tloha sebopehong sa letlalo la PVC se thehiloeng ho antimony ho ea tsamaisong ea halogen-flame retardant ho emela ntlafatso e kholo ea theknoloji. Phetoho ena ha e lumellane feela le melao e thata ea tikoloho (mohlala, RoHS, REACH) empa hape e ntlafatsa setšoantšo sa "botala" sa sehlahisoa le tlholisano ea 'maraka.
Liphephetso tsa Bohlokoa
- Tahlehelo ea Tšusumetso e Kopanetsoeng:
- Sb₂O₃ ha se sesebelisoa se matla sa ho thibela malakabe ka bosona empa se na le litlamorao tse ntle tsa ho thibela malakabe ka chlorine ho PVC, e leng se ntlafatsang katleho haholo. Ho tlosa antimony ho hloka ho fumana sistimi e 'ngoe e se nang halogen e etsisang tšebelisano ena.
- Bokgoni ba ho Thibela Lelakabe:
- Hangata lintho tse thibelang malakabe tse se nang halogen li hloka ho jara boima bo phahameng ho fihlela litekanyetso tse lekanang tsa ho thibela malakabe (mohlala, UL94 V-0), e leng se ka amang thepa ea mechini (bonolo, matla a ho tsikinyeha, ho lelefala), ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso, le litšenyehelo.
- Litšobotsi tsa Letlalo la PVC:
- Letlalo la PVC le hloka bonolo bo botle, ho ikutloa ka letsoho, ho qeta bokaholimo (ho khabisa, ho benya), ho hanyetsa boemo ba leholimo, ho hanyetsa ho falla, le ho tenyetseha ha mocheso o tlase. Sebopeho se secha se tlameha ho boloka kapa ho tsamaisana haufi-ufi le litšobotsi tsena.
- Tshebetso ea Ts'ebetso:
- Ho tlala ha di-filler tse se nang halogen (mohlala, ATH) ho ka ama phallo ya ho qhibiliha le botsitso ba tshebetso.
- Mehopolo ea Litšenyehelo:
- Lintho tse ling tse thibelang mollo tse se nang halogen tse sebetsang hantle haholo li bitsa chelete e ngata, e leng se hlokang tekano pakeng tsa ts'ebetso le litšenyehelo.
Leano la Khetho bakeng sa Mekhoa e Sireletsang Mollo e se Nang Halogen (bakeng sa Letlalo la Maiketsetso la PVC)
1. Lintho tse ka Sehloohong tse Sireletsang Mollo – Li-Hydroxide tsa Tšepe
- Aluminium Trihydroxide (ATH):
- E tloaelehileng haholo, e theko e tlaase.
- Mokhoa: Ho bola ha endothermic (~200°C), ho lokolla mouoane oa metsi ho qhibilihisa likhase tse tukang le oksijene ha ho ntse ho etsoa lera le sireletsang bokaholimo.
- Mathata: Bokgoni bo tlase, ho hlokahala mojaro o phahameng (40–70 phr), ho fokotsa bonolo, ho lelefala le ho sebetsa habonolo haholo; mocheso oa ho bola o tlase.
- Magnesium Hydroxide (MDH):
- Mocheso o phahameng oa ho bola (~340°C), o loketse haholoanyane ts'ebetso ea PVC (160–200°C).
- Mathata: Ho hlokahala meroalo e phahameng e tšoanang (40–70 phr); litšenyehelo tse phahameng hanyane ho feta ATH; e ka ba le monya o phahameng oa mongobo.
Leano:
- Khetha MDH kapa motsoako oa ATH/MDH (mohlala, 70/30) ho leka-lekanya litšenyehelo, ho ikamahanya le maemo a mocheso oa ts'ebetso, le ho lieha ha lelakabe.
- E hloekisitsoeng holim'a metsi (mohlala, e kopantsoeng le silane) ATH/MDH e ntlafatsa ho lumellana le PVC, e fokotsa ho senyeha ha thepa, 'me e eketsa ho lieha ha malakabe.
2. Batšehetsi ba Matla ba Sireletsang Mollo
Ho fokotsa meroalo ea mantlha ea ho thibela malakabe le ho ntlafatsa katleho, li-synergists lia hlokahala:
- Lintho tse thibelang malakabe a Phosphorus-Naetrojene: E loketse litsamaiso tsa PVC tse se nang halogen.
- Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP): E khothalletsa ho chesa, e leng se etsang lera le sireletsang mocheso ka hare ho lera.
- Ela Hloko: Sebelisa likereiti tse hanelang mocheso o phahameng (mohlala, Mokhahlelo oa II, >280°C) ho qoba ho bola ha lintho nakong ea ts'ebetso. Li-APP tse ling li ka ama ponaletso le ho hanyetsa metsi.
- Aluminium Diethylphosphinate (ADP): E sebetsa hantle haholo, e jara ka tlase (5–20 phr), e na le tšusumetso e fokolang thepeng, botsitso bo botle ba mocheso.
- Bothata: Litšenyehelo tse phahameng.
- Li-Ester tsa Phosphate (mohlala, RDP, BDP, TCPP): Li sebetsa e le lintho tse thibelang malakabe tse etsang polasetiki.
- Melemo: Karolo e habeli (plasticizer + e thibelang malakabe).
- Mathata: Limolek'hule tse nyane (mohlala, TCPP) li ka falla/tsa fetoha; RDP/BDP e na le bokgoni bo tlase ba ho etsa plasticization ho feta DOP mme e ka fokotsa ho tenyetseha ha mocheso o tlase.
- Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP): E khothalletsa ho chesa, e leng se etsang lera le sireletsang mocheso ka hare ho lera.
- Borate ea Zinki (ZB):
- E theko e tlase, e sebetsa ka bongata (e thibelang malakabe, e thibelang mosi, e khothalletsang char, e thibelang ho rotha). E sebelisana hantle le litsamaiso tsa ATH/MDH le phosphorus-nitrogen. Ho jara ho tloaelehileng: 3–10 phr.
- Sinki Stannate/Hydroxy Stannate:
- Dithibela-mosi tse ntle haholo le di-synergists tse thibelang malakabe, haholo-holo bakeng sa di-polymers tse nang le chlorine (mohlala, PVC). Di ka nka sebaka sa karolo ya antimony ya ho kopanya dintho. Ho jara ho tlwaelehileng: 2–8 phr.
- Metswako ea Molybdenum (mohlala, MoO₃, Ammonium Molybdate):
- Dithibela-mosi tse matla tse nang le tshebedisano-mmoho e thibelang malakabe. Mokgwa o tlwaelehileng wa ho jara: 2–5 phr.
- Li-Nano Fillers (mohlala, Nanoclay):
- Mehaho e tlase (3-8 phr) e ntlafatsa ho lieha ha lelakabe (ho thehoa ha char, sekhahla se fokotsehileng sa ho lokolloa ha mocheso) le litšobotsi tsa mechini. Ho hasana ho bohlokoa.
3. Dintho tse thibelang mosi
PVC e hlahisa mosi o boima nakong ea ho cha. Metswako e se nang halogen hangata e hloka ho thibeloa ha mosi. Zinc borate, zinc stannate, le metsoako ea molybdenum ke likhetho tse ntle haholo.
Tlhahiso e Reriloeng ea Halogen-Free Flame Retardant (E Thehiloe ho Tlhahiso ea Pele ea Moreki)
Sepheo: Finyella UL94 V-0 (1.6 mm kapa e teteaneng) ha o ntse o boloka bonolo, bokgoni ba ho sebetsa, le thepa ya bohlokwa.
Likhopolo-taba:
- Sebopeho sa mantlha:
- DOP: 50–70 phr (polasetiki).
- ST: Mohlomong stearic acid (setlolo).
- HICOAT-410: Setsibi sa Ca/Zn.
- BZ-500: Mohlomong ke setlolo/thuso ea ho sebetsana le sona (ho netefatsa).
- EPOXY: Oli ea soya e nang le epoxidized (e tsitsitseng hammoho/e etsang polasetiki).
- Antimony: Sb₂O₃ (e lokelang ho tlosoa).
1. Moralo o Khothaletsoang oa Sebopeho (ka resine ea PVC ea 100 phr)
| Karolo | Mosebetsi | Ho ntse ho jarisoa (phr) | Lintlha |
|---|---|---|---|
| Leqhoa la PVC | Polima ea motheo | 100 | Boima bo mahareng/bo phahameng ba limolek'hule bakeng sa ts'ebetso/thepa e leka-lekaneng. |
| Setlolo sa polasetiki sa mantlha | Bonolo | 40–60 | Khetho A (Tekanyo ea Litšenyehelo/Ts'ebetso): Ester ea phosphate e sa fellang (mohlala, RDP/BDP, 10–20 phr) + DOTP/DINP (30–50 phr). Khetho B (Bohlokoa ba Mocheso o Tlase): DOTP/DINP (50–70 phr) + PN e thibelang lelakabe ka katleho (mohlala, ADP, 10–15 phr). Sepheo: Bapisa bonolo ba pele. |
| Sethibela-mollo sa Pele | Ho lieha ha malakabe, ho thibela mosi | 30–50 | Motswako wa MDH kapa MDH/ATH o phekotsweng hodima metsi (mohlala, 70/30). Bohloeki bo hodimo, boholo bo bonyenyane ba dikarolwana, o phekotsweng hodima metsi. Fetola mojaro bakeng sa ho kgaotsa ha lelakabe le rerilweng. |
| Setsebi sa PN | Ho lieha ha lelakabe ka bokgoni bo phahameng, ho phahamiswa ha char | 10–20 | Khetho ea 1: APP ea mocheso o phahameng (Mokhahlelo oa II). Khetho ea 2: ADP (bokgoni bo phahameng, mojaro o tlase, litšenyehelo tse phahameng). Khetho ea 3: Li-plasticizer tsa ester ea phosphate (RDP/BDP) - lokisa haeba li se li sebelisitsoe e le li-plasticizer. |
| Sesebediswa se Thibelang Mosi/Sesebediswa se Thibelang Mosi | Ho thibela malakabe ho matlafalitsoeng, phokotso ea mosi | 5–15 | Motswako o kgothaletswang: Zinc borate (5–10 phr) + zinc stannate (3–8 phr). Boikhethelo: MoO₃ (2–5 phr). |
| Sehatsetsi sa Ca/Zn (HICOAT-410) | Botsitso ba mocheso | 2.0–4.0 | Bohlokoa! Ho ka hlokahala mojaro o phahameng hanyane ha ho bapiswa le diforomo tsa Sb₂O₃. |
| Oli ea Soya e nang le Epoxidized (EPOXY) | Sethara-botsitso, polasetiki | 3.0–8.0 | Boloka bakeng sa botsitso le ts'ebetso e tlase mochesong. |
| Litlolo | Thuso ea ho sebetsana le ts'ebetso, ho lokolloa ha hlobo | 1.0–2.5 | ST (stearic acid): 0.5–1.5 phr. BZ-500: 0.5–1.0 phr (fetola ho latela mosebetsi). Ntlafatsa bakeng sa ho tlatsa ho hoholo. |
| Thuso ea Ts'ebetso (mohlala, ACR) | Matla a qhibilihang, phallo | 0.5–2.0 | E bohlokoa bakeng sa metsoako e tlatsang haholo. E ntlafatsa qetello le tlhahiso ea bokaholimo. |
| Lisebelisoa tse ling | Jwalo ka ha ho hlokahala | – | Ditlolo tsa mmala, di-UV stabilizers, di-biocide, jj. |
2. Tlhahiso ea Mehlala (E Hloka Ntlafatso)
| Karolo | Mofuta | Ho ntse ho jarisoa (phr) |
|---|---|---|
| Leqhoa la PVC | Boleng ba K ~65–70 | 100.0 |
| Setlolo sa polasetiki sa mantlha | DOTP/DINP | 45.0 |
| Setlolo sa polasetiki sa Phosphate Ester | RDP | 15.0 |
| MDH e Phekoang ka Holimo | – | 40.0 |
| APP ea Mocheso o Phahameng | Mokhahlelo oa II | 12.0 |
| Borate ea Zinki | ZB | 8.0 |
| Sinki Stannate | ZS | 5.0 |
| Sehatsetsi sa Ca/Zn | HICOAT-410 | 3.5 |
| Oli ea Soya e nang le Epoxidized | Epoksi | 5.0 |
| Asiti ea Stearic | ST | 1.0 |
| BZ-500 | Setlolo | 1.0 |
| Thuso ea Ts'ebetso ea ACR | – | 1.5 |
| Ditlolo tsa mebala, jj. | – | Jwalo ka ha ho hlokahala |
Mehato ea Bohlokoa ea ho Kenya Ts'ebetsong
- Netefatsa Lintlha tsa Thepa e Tala:
- Hlakisa boitsebiso ba lik'hemik'hale ba
BZ-500leST(sheba maqephe a data a bafani). - Netefatsa mojaro o nepahetseng oa
DOP,EpoksileHICOAT-410. - Hlalosa litlhoko tsa moreki: Ho lieha ha mollo o reriloeng (mohlala, botenya ba UL94), bonolo (ho thatafala), ts'ebeliso (likoloi, thepa ea ka tlung, mekotla?), litlhoko tse khethehileng (ho hanyetsa serame, botsitso ba UV, ho hanyetsa ho khohlela?), meeli ea litšenyehelo.
- Hlakisa boitsebiso ba lik'hemik'hale ba
- Khetha Mekhahlelo e Ikhethang ea ho Sitisa Mollo:
- Kopa disampole tse thibelang malakabe tse se nang halogen tse etselitsoeng letlalo la PVC ho bafepedi.
- Beha pele ATH/MDH e hloekisitsoeng holim'a metsi bakeng sa ho hasana hantle.
- Bakeng sa APP, sebelisa limaraka tse hanyetsanang le mocheso o phahameng.
- Bakeng sa di-ester tsa phosphate, kgetha RDP/BDP ho feta TCPP bakeng sa ho falla ho fokolang.
- Teko le Ntlafatso ea Laboratori:
- Lokisetsa lihlopha tse nyane ka meroalo e fapaneng (mohlala, fetola litekanyo tsa MDH/APP/ZB/ZS).
- Ho Kopanya: Sebelisa di-mixer tse potlakileng (mohlala, Henschel) bakeng sa ho hasanya ka ho lekana. Kenya diedi (di-plasticizer, di-stabilizer) pele, ebe o di eketsa phofo.
- Liteko tsa Ts'ebetso: Teko lisebelisoa tsa tlhahiso (mohlala, motsoako oa Banbury + calendering). Lekola nako ea plasterification, viscosity ea ho qhibiliha, torque, boleng ba bokaholimo.
- Teko ea Tshebetso:
- Ho lieha ha lelakabe: UL94, LOI.
- Litšobotsi tsa mechine: Ho tiea (Lebopong la A), matla a ho thapolla, ho lelefala.
- Bonolo/kutlo ea letsoho: Liteko tsa ho hlaka le ho thatafala.
- Ho tenyetseha ha mocheso o tlase: Teko ea ho kobeha ha serame.
- Ho tsitsa ha mocheso: Teko e khubelu ea Congo.
- Ponahalo: 'Mala, ho benya, ho khabisa.
- (Boikhethelo) Bongata ba mosi: Kamore ea mosi ea NBS.
- Ho rarolla mathata le ho leka-lekanya:
| Hlahisa | Tharollo |
|---|---|
| Ho lieha ha malakabe ho sa lekaneng | Eketsa MDH/ATH kapa APP; eketsa ADP; ntlafatsa ZB/ZS; netefatsa ho hasana. |
| Litšobotsi tse fokolang tsa mechine (mohlala, ho lelefala ho tlase) | Fokotsa MDH/ATH; eketsa PN synergist; sebelisa li-filler tse hloekisitsoeng holim'a metsi; lokisa li-plasticizer. |
| Mathata a ho sebetsana (ho teteana ho hoholo, bokaholimo bo bobe) | Ntlafatsa mafura; eketsa ACR; hlahloba ho kopanya; fetola mocheso/lebelo. |
| Theko e phahameng | Ntlafatsa ho jara ha thepa; sebelisa metsoako ea ATH/MDH e theko e tlaase; hlahloba mekhoa e meng. |
- Mofofisi le Tlhahiso: Kamora ntlafatso ea laboratori, etsa liteko tsa mofofisi ho netefatsa botsitso, botsitso le litšenyehelo. Eketsa feela kamora netefatso.
Qetello
Ho fetoha ho tloha letlalong la PVC le thehiloeng ho antimony ho ea ho letlalo le se nang halogen le thibelang malakabe hoa khoneha empa ho hloka nts'etsopele e hlophisitsoeng. Mokhoa oa mantlha o kopanya li-hydroxide tsa tšepe (haholo-holo MDH e phekotsoeng holim'a metsi), li-synergists tsa phosphorus-nitrogen (APP kapa ADP), le li-smoke suppressants tse sebetsang ka bongata (zinc borate, zinc stannate). Ka nako e le 'ngoe, ho ntlafatsa li-plasticizer, li-stabilizer, li-lubricants le lithuso tsa ts'ebetso ho bohlokoa.
Linotlolo tsa Katleho:
- Hlalosa lipheo le lithibelo tse hlakileng (ho lieha ha mollo, thepa, litšenyehelo).
- Khetha di-halogen tse thibelang malakabe tse pakiloeng (di-filler tse phekotsweng hodima metsi, APP e nang le mocheso o phahameng).
- Etsa liteko tse matla tsa laboratori (ho lieha ha malakabe, thepa, ts'ebetso).
- Netefatsa hore ho kopanngoa ha metsoako le ho lumellana ha mekhoa ho tšoana.
More info., you can contact lucy@taifeng-fr.com
Nako ea poso: Phato-12-2025
