Boto ea polystyrene e atolositsoeng (XPS) ke thepa e sebelisoang haholo bakeng sa ho thibela moaho, 'me litšobotsi tsa eona tsa ho thibela mollo li bohlokoa bakeng sa polokeho ea moaho. Moralo oa sebopeho sa li-retant tsa mollo bakeng sa XPS o hloka ho nahanoa ka botlalo ka katleho ea li-retant tsa mollo, ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso, litšenyehelo le litlhoko tsa tikoloho. Ka tlase ke moralo o qaqileng le tlhaloso ea li-formulant tsa ho thibela mollo bakeng sa XPS, tse akaretsang litharollo tsa halogenated le halogen-free halogen.
1. Melao-motheo ea Moralo bakeng sa Mefuta ea XPS e Sitisang Mollo
Karolo e ka sehloohong ea XPS ke polystyrene (PS), 'me phetoho ea eona ea ho thibela malakabe e finyelloa haholo-holo ka ho eketsa lintho tse thibelang malakabe. Moralo oa sebopeho o lokela ho latela melao-motheo e latelang:
- Ho lieha ha lelakabe le phahameng: Finyella maemo a thibelang malakabe bakeng sa thepa ea kaho (mohlala, GB 8624-2012).
- Tshebetso ea ts'ebetso: Sethibela-mollo ha sea lokela ho ama haholo ts'ebetso ea ho foamisa le ho bopa ea XPS.
- Botsoalle ba tikoloho: Lintho tse thibelang malakabe tse se nang halogen li lokela ho etelloa pele ho latela melao ea tikoloho.
- Taolo ea litšenyeheloFokotsa litšenyehelo ha o ntse o fihlela litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso.
2. Sebopeho sa XPS se Sireletsang Mollo sa Halogenated Flame
Li-halogenated flame retardants (mohlala, brominated) li sitisa karabelo ea ketane ea ho tuka ka ho lokolla li-halogen radicals, tse fanang ka katleho e phahameng ea ho thibela malakabe empa li beha likotsi tsa tikoloho le bophelo bo botle.
(1) Sebopeho sa Sebopeho:
- Polystyrene (PS): 100phr (resin ea motheo)
- Brominated lelakabe le thibelang: 10–20phr (mohlala, hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) kapa polystyrene e nang le brominated)
- Antimony trioxide (setsoalle): 3–5phr (e ntlafatsa phello ea ho thibela malakabe)
- Moemeli oa ho ntsha bubble: 5–10phr (mohlala, carbon dioxide kapa butane)
- Sehatsetsi: 1–2phr (mohlala, boka ba polyethylene, bo ntlafatsa ho hasana ha sethibela-malakabe)
- Setlolo: 1–2phr (mohlala, calcium stearate, e eketsa ho phalla ha ts'ebetso)
- Antioxidant: Karolo ea 0.5–1 (mohlala, 1010 kapa 168, e thibela ho senyeha nakong ea ts'ebetso)
(2) Mokhoa oa ho Sebetsa:
- Resin ea PS ea Premix, e thibelang malakabe, e kopanyang, e hasanyang, e tlotsang, le e thibelang ho bola ka ho lekana.
- Kenya ntho e ntšang bubble 'me u qhibilihise motsoako ka har'a extruder.
- Laola mocheso oa extrusion ho 180–220°C ho netefatsa hore foam le molding lia etsoa hantle.
(3) Litšobotsi:
- Melemo: Bokgoni bo phahameng ba ho thibela malakabe, bongata bo tlase ba tlatsetso, le litšenyehelo tse tlase.
- Mathata: E ka hlahisa likhase tse chefo (mohlala, hydrogen bromide) nakong ea ho cha, e leng se bakang matšoenyeho a tikoloho.
3. Sebopeho sa XPS se se nang Halogen-Flame Retardant
Lintho tse thibelang malakabe tse se nang halogen (mohlala, tse thehiloeng ho phosphorus, tse thehiloeng ho naetrojene, kapa li-hydroxide tse sa pheleng) li fumana ho lieha ha malakabe ka ho monya mocheso kapa ho etsa likarolo tse sireletsang, tse fanang ka ts'ebetso e betere ea tikoloho.
(1) Sebopeho sa Sebopeho:
- Polystyrene (PS): 100phr (resin ea motheo)
- Sethibela-mollo se thehiloeng ho phosphorus: 10–15phr (mohlala,ammonium polyphosphate (APP)kapa phosphorus e khubelu)
- Sethibela-mollo se thehiloeng ho naetrojene: 5–10phr (mohlala, melamine cyanurate (MCA))
- Hydroxide e sa tloaelehang: 20–30phr (mohlala, magnesium hydroxide kapa aluminium hydroxide)
- Moemeli oa ho ntsha bubble: 5–10phr (mohlala, carbon dioxide kapa butane)
- Sehatsetsi: 1–2phr (mohlala, boka ba polyethylene, bo ntlafatsa ho hasana)
- Setlolo: 1–2phr (mohlala, zinc stearate, e ntlafatsa ho phalla ha ts'ebetso)
- Antioxidant: Karolo ea 0.5–1 (mohlala, 1010 kapa 168, e thibela ho senyeha nakong ea ts'ebetso)
(2) Mokhoa oa ho Sebetsa:
- Resin ea Premix PS, e thibelang malakabe, e qhalakanyang, e tlotsang, le e thibelang ho bola ka ho lekana.
- Kenya ntho e ntšang bubble 'me u qhibilihise motsoako ka har'a extruder.
- Laola mocheso oa extrusion ho 180–210°C ho netefatsa hore foam le molding lia etsoa hantle.
(3) Litšobotsi:
- Melemo: E sireletsa tikoloho, ha e na likhase tse chefo tse hlahisoang nakong ea ho cha, e latela melao ea tikoloho.
- Mathata: Bokgoni bo tlase ba ho thibela malakabe, bongata bo phahameng ba ditlatsetso, di ka ama thepa ya mechini le tshebetso ya ho fofonela.
4. Lintlha tsa Bohlokoa Moralong oa Tlhahiso
(1) Khetho ea ho Sireletsa Mollo
- Lintho tse thibelang malakabe a halogenated: Bokgoni bo phahameng empa bo baka dikotsi tsa tikoloho le bophelo bo botle.
- Lintho tse thibelang malakabe tse se nang halogen: E sireletsa tikoloho haholo empa e hloka bongata bo bongata ba tlatsetso.
(2) Tšebeliso ea Batšehetsi ba Tšusumetso e Kopanetsoeng
- Antimony trioxide: E sebetsa ka kopanelo le di-halogenated flame retardants ho ntlafatsa haholo ho thibela malakabe.
- Tšebelisano-'moho ea phosphorus-naetrojene: Litsamaisong tse se nang halogen, lintho tse thibelang malakabe tse thehiloeng ho phosphorus le naetrojene li ka sebetsa 'moho ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso.
(3) Ho Hasana le ho Sebetsa ha Ts'ebetso
- Li-dispersants: Netefatsa hore lintho tse thibelang malakabe li hasane ka ho lekana ho qoba ho ba le maemo a holimo sebakeng seo.
- Litlolo: Ntlafatsa ho phalla ha ts'ebetso le ho fokotsa ho tsofala ha lisebelisoa.
(4) Khetho ea Moemeli ea Foromang
- Lisebelisoa tsa 'mele tsa ho ntsha bubble: Tse kang CO₂ kapa butane, li sireletsa tikoloho ka litlamorao tse ntle tsa ho fofonela.
- Lisebelisoa tsa ho ntsha bubble tsa lik'hemik'hale: Tse kang azodicarbonamide (AC), e na le bokgoni bo phahameng ba ho ntsha lefome empa e ka hlahisa dikgase tse kotsi.
(5) Li-antioxidant
Thibela ho senyeha ha thepa nakong ea ts'ebetso le ho ntlafatsa botsitso ba sehlahisoa.
5. Litšebeliso tse Tloaelehileng
- Ho thibela moaho: E sebelisoa maboteng, marulelong le mealong ea ho thibela ho thekesela fatše.
- Thepa ea ketane e batang: Sethibela-mollo bakeng sa polokelo e batang le likoloi tse sehatsetsing.
- Masimo a mang: Lisebelisoa tsa mekhabiso, thepa ea ho thibela molumo, jj.
6. Litlhahiso tsa Ntlafatso ea Tlhahiso
(1) Ho Ntlafatsa Bokgoni ba ho Sireletsa Mollo
- Li-retant tse kopantsoeng tsa malakabe: Tse kang halogen-antimony kapa phosphorus-nitrogen synergies ho eketsa ho lieha ha lelakabe.
- Lintho tse thibelang malakabe a nano: Tse kang nano magnesium hydroxide kapa nano letsopa, ho ntlafatsa bokgoni ha ho ntse ho fokotswa bongata ba ditlatsetso.
(2) Ho Ntlafatsa Thepa ea Mekaniki
- Li-toughening agents: Tse kang POE kapa EPDM, ho ntlafatsa ho tiea ha thepa le ho hanyetsa tshusumetso.
- Matlafatso ea li-filler: Tse kang likhoele tsa khalase, tse matlafatsang matla le ho tiea.
(3) Phokotso ea Litšenyehelo
- Ntlafatsa dikarolelano tsa ho thibela malakabe: Fokotsa tšebeliso ha o ntse o fihlela litlhoko tsa ho thibela malakabe.
- Khetha thepa e bolokang chelete: Tse kang lintho tse thibelang malakabe tsa lapeng kapa tse tsoakiloeng.
7. Litlhoko tsa Tikoloho le Taolo
- Lintho tse thibelang malakabe a halogenated: E thibetsoe ke melaoana e kang RoHS le REACH; e sebelise ka hloko.
- Lintho tse thibelang malakabe tse se nang halogen: Latela melao ea tikoloho 'me u emele mekhoa ea kamoso.
Kakaretso
Moralo oa tlhahiso ea li-retardant tsa malakabe bakeng sa XPS o lokela ho ipapisa le maemo a itseng a ts'ebeliso le litlhoko tsa taolo, ho khethoa pakeng tsa li-retardant tsa malakabe tse nang le halogen kapa tse se nang halogen. Li-retardant tsa malakabe tse nang le halogen li fana ka katleho e phahameng empa li baka mathata a tikoloho, ha li-retardant tsa malakabe tse se nang halogen li le mosa haholo tikolohong empa li hloka bongata bo phahameng ba litlatsetso. Ka ho ntlafatsa mekhoa le lits'ebetso, XPS e sebetsang hantle, e mosa tikolohong, le e theko e tlaase e ka hlahisoa ho fihlela litlhoko tsa ho kenya mocheso oa moaho le masimo a mang.
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Nako ea poso: Mots'eanong-23-2025
