Nylon (Polyamide, PA) ke polasetiki ea boenjiniere e sebetsang hantle e sebelisoang haholo li-elektroniki, likoloing, masela le mafapheng a mang. Ka lebaka la ho khona ho cha, phetoho ea nylon e thibelang malakabe e bohlokoa haholo. Ka tlase ke moralo o qaqileng le tlhaloso ea mekhoa ea nylon e thibelang malakabe, e akaretsang litharollo tsa halogenated le tse se nang halogen.
1. Melao-motheo ea Moralo oa Tlhahiso ea Naelone e Sitisang Mollo
Moralo oa metsoako ea nylon e thibelang malakabe o lokela ho latela melao-motheo e latelang:
- Ho Fokotsa Mollo o Phahameng: Finyella maemo a UL 94 V-0 kapa V-2.
- Tshebetso ea Ts'ebetso: Lintho tse thibelang malakabe ha lia lokela ho ama thepa ea nylon haholo (mohlala, ho phalla ha metsi, botsitso ba mocheso).
- Matlotlo a Mekaniki: Ho eketsoa ha lintho tse thibelang malakabe ho lokela ho fokotsa tšusumetso matleng a nylon, ho tiea ha eona le ho hanyetsa ho tsofala ha eona.
- Botsoalle ba Tikoloho: Beha lintho tse thibelang malakabe tse se nang halogen pele ho latela melao ea tikoloho.
2. Sebopeho sa Nylon se Sireletsang Mollo sa Halogenated
Lintho tse thibelang malakabe tse nang le halogenated (mohlala, metsoako e nang le brominated) li sitisa liketso tsa ketane ea ho tuka ka ho lokolla li-radical tsa halogen, tse fanang ka katleho e phahameng ea ho thibela malakabe.
Sebopeho sa Sebopeho:
- Resin ea nylon (PA6 kapa PA66): 100 phr
- Brominated flame retardant: 10–20 phr (mohlala, decabromodiphenyl ethane, brominated polystyrene)
- Antimony trioxide (synergist): 3–5 phr
- Setlolo: 1–2 phr (mohlala, calcium stearate)
- Antioxidant: 0.5–1 phr (mohlala, 1010 kapa 168)
Mehato ea ho Sebetsa:
- Resin ea nylon e kopantsoeng pele, e thibelang malakabe, e kopanyang lintho, e tlotsang le e thibelang ho bola ka ho lekana.
- Qhibilihisa motsoako o sebelisang sesebelisoa sa ho ntša likurufu tse peli ebe o li kenya pelletize.
- Laola mocheso oa extrusion ho 240–280°C (fetola ho latela mofuta oa nylon).
Litšobotsi:
- Melemo: Bokgoni bo phahameng ba ho thibela malakabe, bongata bo tlase ba tlatsetso, le theko e tlase.
- Mathata: Ho lokolloa ha likhase tse chefo tse ka bang teng nakong ea ho cha, matšoenyeho a tikoloho.
3. Sebopeho sa Nylon se se nang Halogen se Sireletsang Mollo
Lintho tse thibelang malakabe tse se nang halogen (mohlala, tse thehiloeng ho phosphorus, tse thehiloeng ho naetrojene, kapa li-hydroxide tse sa pheleng) li sebetsa ka liketso tsa endothermic kapa ho thehoa ha lera le sireletsang, tse fanang ka ts'ebetso e betere ea tikoloho.
Sebopeho sa Sebopeho:
- Resin ea nylon (PA6 kapa PA66): 100 phr
- Sethibela-mollo se thehiloeng ho phosphorus: 10–15 phr (mohlala, ammonium polyphosphate APP kapa phosphorus e khubelu)
- Sethibela-mollo se thehiloeng ho naetrojene: 5–10 phr (mohlala, melamine cyanurate MCA)
- Hydroxide e sa pheleng: 20–30 phr (mohlala, magnesium hydroxide kapa aluminium hydroxide)
- Setlolo: 1–2 phr (mohlala, zinc stearate)
- Antioxidant: 0.5–1 phr (mohlala, 1010 kapa 168)
Mehato ea ho Sebetsa:
- Resin ea nylon e kopantsoeng pele, e thibelang malakabe, e tlotsang, le e thibelang ho bola ka ho lekana.
- Qhibilihisa motsoako o sebelisang sesebelisoa sa ho ntša likurufu tse peli ebe o li kenya pelletize.
- Laola mocheso oa extrusion ho 240–280°C (fetola ho latela mofuta oa nylon).
Litšobotsi:
- Melemo: E sireletsa tikoloho, ha e na khase e chefo e ntshang, e latela melaoana.
- Mathata: Bokgoni bo tlase ba ho thibela malakabe, bongata bo phahameng ba ditlatsetso, le tshusumetso e ka bang teng hodima thepa ya mechini.
4. Lintlha tsa Bohlokoa Moralong oa Tlhahiso
(1) Khetho ea ho Sireletsa Mollo
- Lintho tse thibelang malakabe a halogenated: Bokgoni bo phahameng empa bo baka dikotsi tsa tikoloho le bophelo bo botle.
- Lintho tse thibelang malakabe tse se nang halogen: E sireletsa tikoloho empa e hloka bongata bo boholo mme e ka ama ts'ebetso ea thepa.
(2) Tšebeliso ea Batšehetsi ba Tšusumetso e Kopanetsoeng
- Antimony trioxide: E sebetsa ka kopanelo le di-halogenated flame retardants ho ntlafatsa ho tiea ha mollo.
- Tšebelisano-'moho ea phosphorus-naetrojene: Litsamaisong tse se nang halogen, lintho tse thibelang malakabe tse thehiloeng ho phosphorus le naetrojene li ka sebelisana ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso.
(3) Ho Hasana le ho Sebetsa ha Ts'ebetso
- Li-dispersants: Netefatsa hore lintho tse thibelang malakabe li hasane ka ho lekana ho qoba ho ba le maemo a holimo sebakeng seo.
- Litlolo: Ntlafatsa ho phalla ha ts'ebetso le ho fokotsa ho tsofala ha lisebelisoa.
(4) Li-antioxidant
Thibela ho senyeha ha thepa nakong ea ts'ebetso le ho ntlafatsa botsitso ba sehlahisoa.
5. Litšebeliso tse Tloaelehileng
- Lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki: Dikarolo tse thibelang malakabe jwalo ka dihokelo, diswitjhi le disokete.
- Likoloi: Lisebelisoa tse thibelang malakabe tse kang likoahelo tsa enjene, likhoele tsa terata le likarolo tsa kahare.
- Masela: Likhoele le masela a thibelang malakabe.
6. Litlhahiso tsa Ntlafatso ea Tlhahiso
(1) Ho Ntlafatsa Bokgoni ba ho Sireletsa Mollo
- Ho kopanya ho thibelang malakabe: Halogen-antimony kapa phosphorus-naetrojene dikopano ho ntlafatsa tshebetso.
- Lintho tse thibelang malakabe a nano: Mohlala, nano magnesium hydroxide kapa nano letsopa, ho ntlafatsa bokgoni le ho fokotsa bongata ba ditlatsetso.
(2) Ho Ntlafatsa Litšobotsi tsa Mekaniki
- Li-Tougheners: Mohlala, POE kapa EPDM, ho ntlafatsa ho tiea ha thepa le ho hanyetsa tshusumetso.
- Matlafatso ea li-filler: Mohlala, faeba ya khalase, ho ntlafatsa matla le ho tiea.
(3) Phokotso ea Litšenyehelo
- Ntlafatsa dikarolelano tsa ho thibela malakabe: Fokotsa tšebeliso ha o ntse o fihlela litlhoko tsa ho lieha ha malakabe.
- Khetha thepa e bolokang chelete: Mohlala, lintho tse thibelang malakabe tsa lapeng kapa tse tsoakiloeng.
7. Litlhoko tsa Tikoloho le Taolo
- Lintho tse thibelang malakabe a halogenated: E thibetsoe ke RoHS, REACH, jj., e hlokang tšebeliso e hlokolosi.
- Lintho tse thibelang malakabe tse se nang halogen: E latela melaoana, e emelang mekhoa ea kamoso.
Moralo oa mekhoa ea ho thibela malakabe ea nylon o lokela ho nahana ka maemo a itseng a ts'ebeliso le litlhoko tsa taolo ha ho khethoa mekhoa ea ho thibela malakabe ea halogen kapa e se nang halogen. Mekhoa ea ho thibela malakabe ea halogen e fana ka katleho e phahameng empa e baka likotsi tikolohong, ha mekhoa e meng e se nang halogen e le mosa tikolohong empa e hloka bongata bo boholo ba litlatsetso. Ka ho ntlafatsa mekhoa le lits'ebetso, thepa ea nylon e thibelang malakabe e sebetsang hantle, e mosa tikolohong, le e theko e tlaase e ka ntlafatsoa ho fihlela litlhoko tsa lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, likoloi, masela le liindasteri tse ling.
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Nako ea poso: Mots'eanong-22-2025
